i. Introduction
Source
Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence of humans and other animals. Example tasks in which this is done include speech recognition, computer vision, translation between (natural) languages, as well as other mappings of inputs.
AI applications include advanced web search engines (e.g., Google Search), recommendation systems (used by YouTube, Amazon, and Netflix), understanding human speech (such as Siri and Alexa), self-driving cars (e.g., Waymo and Tesla), generative or creative tools, automated decision-making, and competing at the highest level in strategic game systems (such as chess and Go).
One of the biggest advantages of Artificial Intelligence is that it can significantly reduce errors and increase accuracy and precision. The decisions taken by AI in every step is decided by information previously gathered and a certain set of algorithms. When programmed properly, these errors can be reduced to null.
The legal and ethical issues that confront society due to Artificial Intelligence (AI) include privacy and surveillance, bias or discrimination, and potentially the philosophical challenge is the role of human judgment.
ii. Privacy Concerns
AI presents a challenge to the privacy of individuals and organisations because of the complexity of the algorithms used in AI systems. As AI becomes more advanced, it can make decisions based on subtle patterns in data that are difficult for humans to discern. This means that individuals may not even be aware that their personal data is being used to make decisions that affect them.
While AI technology offers many potential benefits, there are also several significant challenges posed by its use. One of the primary challenges is the potential for AI to be used to violate privacy. AI systems require vast amounts of (personal) data, and if this data falls into the wrong hands it can be used for nefarious purposes, such as identity theft or cyberbullying.
As said above, artificial intelligence has the potential to revolutionize security, but it also poses significant risks. These risks include lack of transparency and explainability, overreliance on AI, bias, and discrimination, vulnerability to attacks, lack of human oversight, high cost, and privacy concerns. These risks can lead to incorrect decisions and a false sense of security, negatively impacting individuals or groups.
However, there are steps that can be taken to address these concerns. The potential benefits of AI are vast, but so are the risks associated with its use. As a society, we must take a proactive approach to address these challenges to protect individual privacy and ensure that AI is used ethically and responsibly.
Organisations and companies that use AI must prioritise privacy and ethical considerations in their AI systems' design and implementation. This includes being transparent about data collection and usage, ensuring data security, regularly auditing for bias and discrimination, and designing AI systems that adhere to ethical principles. Companies that prioritise these considerations are more likely to build trust with their customers, avoid reputational damage, and build stronger relationships with their stakeholders.
iii. Bias in AI
Another challenge posed by AI technology is the potential for bias and discrimination. AI systems are only as unbiased as the data they are trained on; if that data is biased, the resulting system will be too. This can lead to discriminatory decisions that affect individuals based on factors such as race, gender, or socioeconomic status. Let's go a bit deeper into what bias in AI means.
What is AI bias?
Machine Learning bias, also known as algorithm bias or Artificial Intelligence bias, refers to the tendency of algorithms to reflect human biases. It is a phenomenon that arises when an algorithm delivers systematically biased results as a consequence of erroneous assumptions of the Machine Learning process. In today’s climate of increasing representation and diversity, this becomes even more problematic because algorithms could be reinforcing biases.
For example, a facial recognition algorithm could be trained to recognize a white person more easily than a black person because this type of data has been used in training more often. This can negatively affect people from minority groups, as discrimination hinders equal opportunity and perpetuates oppression. The problem is that these biases are not intentional, and it’s difficult to know about them until they’ve been programmed into the software.
Some of the negative consequences of biased AI include racism(less recognition to the blacks), gender inequality. For example, imagine an AI system used by a hiring company to screen job applications. If the system is biased against women or people of colour, it may use data about a candidate's gender or race to unfairly exclude them from consideration. This harms the individual applicant and perpetuates systemic inequalities in the workforce.
In the present world, AI is a driving force for all the fields to attain sustainability. To reduce these biases while interacting with the end-users, the marketers must aware of the five core functions which includes: recognising the ethical concerns with AI such as fairness, transparency, parity, kindness, and benefits for society; increasing human awareness of AI by helping people comprehend how individual products' AI systems function and how businesses create their algorithms; working together with AI through dialogue, listening, and comprehension between humans and AI; ensuring the accountability of AI—confirming that both the creators and users of AI systems adhere to ethical standards; AI system integrity—keeping it constrained to the purposes for which the technology was designed to decrease bias.
iv. Transparency and Accountability
Transparency is an essential element of earning the trust of consumers and clients in any domain. And when it comes to AI, transparency is not only about informing people when they are interacting with an AI, but also communicating with relevant stakeholders about why an AI solution was chosen, how it was designed and developed, on what grounds it was deployed, how it’s monitored and updated, and the conditions under which it may be retired.
The Impacts of Being Transparent
While the overall goal of being transparent is to engender trust, it has at least four specific kinds of effects: it decreases the risk of error and misuse; it distributes responsibility; it enables internal and external oversight; it expresses respect for people.
All AI must be transparent, that is, accurate and error free. A lack of transparency in AI can lead to the misuse of data and wrong collation of information.
What are the best Approaches for Transparent AI?
Keep Humans in the Loop: AI models developed to work without the presence of humans. In certain instances, though, the human aspect is essential. Humans must revisit decisions to prevent prejudices and errors that often derail AI projects.
Eliminate Biased Datasets: To create accurate, equal, and nondiscriminatory AI models, you'll need an unbiased dataset. To provide an idea for this, the bank uses AI to resume screening and credit scoring. It has also found its way through some legal systems.
Ensure Decisions are Explainable: Explainable AI aids in the explanation of why an AI system took a particular decision. It reveals which used aspects of the deep learning model were more often than others to predict.
v. Potential Benefits of AI
Reduction in Human Error
One of the biggest advantages of Artificial Intelligence is that it can significantly reduce errors and increase accuracy and precision. The decisions taken by AI in every step is decided by information previously gathered and a certain set of algorithms. When programmed properly, these errors can be reduced to null.Zero Risks
Another big advantage of AI is that humans can overcome many risks by letting AI robots do them for us. Whether it be defusing a bomb, going to space, exploring the deepest parts of oceans, machines with metal bodies are resistant in nature and can survive unfriendly atmospheres. Moreover, they can provide accurate work with greater responsibility and not wear out easily.24x7 Availability
There are many studies that show humans are productive only about 3 to 4 hours in a day. Humans also need breaks and time offs to balance their work life and personal life. But AI can work endlessly without breaks. They think much faster than humans and perform multiple tasks at a time with accurate results. They can even handle tedious repetitive jobs easily with the help of AI algorithms.Unbiased Decisions
Human beings are driven by emotions, whether we like it or not. AI on the other hand, is devoid of emotions and highly practical and rational in its approach. A huge advantage of Artificial Intelligence is that it doesn't have any biased views, which ensures more accurate decision-making.
How these benefits can be achieved while still addressing the ethical concerns(things to do ensure that the benefits of AI are fully enjoyed).
Access Rights: As a right or freedom, humans have access to empowering technology.
Accountability: Provide transparency for the accountability of decisions made by technology.
Privacy: According to privacy rights, always respect the privacy of an individual’s data and always make it a high priority while collecting, analyzing, sharing, and interpreting. It can be possible by defining access, owner, and permission of data.
Security: Ensure information security to protect user’s psychological, emotional, intellectual, digital, and physical safety.
vi. Conclusion
Some of the ethical concerns related to AI includes:
•Lack of transparency of AI tools: AI decisions are not always intelligible to humans.
•AI is not neutral: AI-based decisions are susceptible to inaccuracies, discriminatory outcomes, embedded or inserted bias.
•Surveillance practices for data gathering and privacy of court users.
•New concerns for fairness and risk for Human Rights and other fundamental values.
Government and developers are now working hand in hand to fix the ethical concerns and risks related to the AI.
In conclusion, there is need for this ongoing dialogue and collaboration between AI developers, policymaker and society as a whole in order to ensure that AI is developed and used in a responsible and ethical manner. It must be used in a way that it won't bring harm to those at the receiving end.
In the past, our society has allowed new technologies to diffuse widely without adequate ethical guidance or public regulation. As revelations about the misuse of social media proliferate, it has become apparent that the consequences of this neglect are anything but benign. If the private and public sectors can work together, each making its own contribution to an ethically aware system of regulation for AI, we have an opportunity to avoid past mistakes and build a better future.
References
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2022.862322/full
https://www.thedigitalspeaker.com/privacy-age-ai-risks-challenges-solutions/amp/
https://dataconomy.com/2023/01/artificial-intelligence-security-issues/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667096823000125
https://www.simplilearn.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-artificial-intelligence-article
https://www.brookings.edu/research/why-the-government-must-help-shape-the-future-of-ai/?am
I hope you enjoyed the post. Happy reading.
Source of potential text plagiarism 1
Source of potential text plagiarism 2
Source of potential text plagiarism 3
Plagiarism is the copying & pasting of others' work without giving credit to the original author or artist. Plagiarized posts are considered fraud.
Guide: Why and How People Abuse and Plagiarise
Fraud is discouraged by the community and may result in the account being Blacklisted.
If you believe this comment is in error, please contact us in #appeals in Discord.