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Kind of but not really. In sharding you have the same tech but split into chunks.

With this you are splitting into chunks but using different tech (steemd, hivemind, rocksdb) in each section. L

What is rocksdb? I saw mention of postgres above...

Full nodes used to run with all data stored in ram. Rocksdb is a disk database that was added to recent versions of steem to allow account history to be stored on disk thus reducing memory requirements in half.

HiveMind uses a Postgres database.