Surgery from Latin chirurgia, composed of Greek cheir (hand) and Ergon (work). Aulus cornelius celsus propose the basic requirement for the surgeon which states, "A surgeon should be young or at least less old, have a strong and steady hand，never tremble，the left hand and the right hand are equally flexible, Have keen and clear eyesight, have courage and compassion，eager to cure the patient, but not too fast or excised too little because of the patient’s shouting, His operation can not be disturbed by the shouting of the patient."
11-14century due to the rule of religious creed and Scholastic philosophy, it is forbidden to dissect the body and not to do the operation of bleeding, which makes the development of the outside science greatly restricted.
In 1540 surgeons and barbers establish a unified group（surgeon without haircut hairdresser can only cure teeth)
John Hunter (1728-1793), the father of experimental surgery and a superb anatomist and teacher.
Amputation painting A.D.1551
--Based from 1840s，surgery solved problem such as operation pain、wound infection and stop bleeding 、blood transfusion
--The appearance of Antibacterial drugs opened up a new era
--1929, Fleming(England)found penicillin; 1935,Domagk advocate sulfonamides……
Development of anasthesia、blood transfusion、fluid replacement、nutritional support—expand the surgical range， ensure the operation safety
--1950s rapidly development stage, low thermal anasthesia and extracorporeal circulation, the first open heart surgery
--1960s，development of Microsurgery push forward the make the progress of trauma 、repair and plastic surgery 、organ transplantation
--Recent 30 years Imageology rapidly developed, diagnosis 、treatment technique elevated, Biology engineering 、immunology、molecular biology, a qualitative leap.
--21century----minimal invasive surgery、circulation surgery、nano technology、hemopoietic stem cell technique、tissue engineering、human genome project.
Willam t.G. Morton (1819-1868), a Boston dentist whose successful demonstration of ether anesthesia on October 16, 1846, at the Massachusetts Gneeral Hospital was a landmark in the history of surgery
Well there is many more dates and famous people with I could list here but the main take away from this post should be that we have come very far as humans in the medical field and there is much more to discover. For instance synthetic skin is a thing at this very moment but the problem we face is finding a way to achieve a higher understanding of genes and gene therapy.
I hope you find this post interesting, leave a comment below with your feedback.
Thank you for your time.
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