https://www.ethnews.com/vlad-zamfirs-take-on-sharding
Vlad Zamfir gives a rundown on sharding.
According to Zamfir, transaction orders of magnitude per second can be achieved, "if everyone isn't validating everything."
Zamfir acknowledges the obstacles standing in the way of sharding the blockchain.
"We need to assign miners to shards so that miners from one shard don't mine from another to produce invalid blocks. So we need to sample the mining power, which presents a problem. We need to split the state space into shards, we need to process transactions within shards, and then deal with attack vectors where not everyone is checking everything."
"If you mine an invalid block and someone challenges you, they can prove it, then if people don't agree, then there's big incentive for people to download that block and verify it because they will gain from this market where people are betting whether it is invalid or not by betting on the right side."
On dealing with unavailable blocks, Zamfir said people wouldn't build blocks on top of them due to a risk of an invalid block negating a block reward.
The community still needs to find workarounds for scalability protocols. Zamfir's insights will help generate solutions for the remaining obstacles.