Señorage - (from French "seigneuriage") - income derived from the emission of new monetary units and assigned by the emission center on the right of ownership.)
When money is made from a material with a value lower than the nominal value of the new banknotes - it turns into the most profitable business on the planet!
The name for this business is "seigniorage" - the profit obtained from the difference between the cost of manufacturing + maintaining the circulation of banknotes (paper, electronic or other) and their denomination. For example, if you consider that the cost price for making a hundred-dollar bill is 6 cents, the "seigniorage" when issuing such a banknote will be 99 dollars 94 cents.
Ultimately, "seigniorage" is the profit of emission centers (central banks) - including those with private ownership (the Federal Reserve System, the Bank of England until 1946).
These profits then need to be laundered...
... continued in Part 3
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