Today I came across one of the most interesting papers I have read in a while!
The main topic of the paper is what happens to Pheropsophus jessoensis beetles after being swallowed by a toad. The first thing that caught my interest is that these beetles are commonly known as "bombardier beetles".
So, why are they called that way? Well, turns out these little critters from Asia have one of the coolest defensive mechanisms. When attacked, they eject a toxic spray from the tip of their abdomen! A spray that isn't only toxic, but also very hot, often reaching temperatures of up to 100 C, thanks to an exothermic reaction that occurs between some of the toxic chemicals.
The spray is usually more than enough to deter any hungry predators and make them go away. Here's a really cool, slow-mo video showing a bombardier beetle releasing it's spray to some unfortunate ants:
So, now back to paper. In an effort to better understand this anti-predator mechanism and the anti-anti-predator mechanisms predators have in turn developed, the researchers designed an experiment to investigate how and if bombardier beetles could fair against two frog species, Bufo japonicusand B. torrenticola, that both commonly feed on beetles.
And to make the odds even worse for the beetles, before each face off they forced the beetles to exhaust their chemical weapon by poking them! A true David Vs Goliath battle, but without the sling in the equation! Would the beetles stand a chance against the much bigger frogs? Or fall easy prey?
Not surprisingly, with the beetles deprived of their only weapon the first part of the battle looked something like this:
(credit)
Yep, all beetles were swallowed in a matter of seconds:
"Toads caught P. jessoensis by projecting their sticky tongues, and all of them swallowed the beetles "
Was the battle lost? Had all beetles fallen in the name of science just like that?
No! They were still alive and many managed to survive their new higly acidic home for long enough to recharge and release their chemical warfare!
A release loud enough to be even heard with the human ear:
However, an explosion was audible inside each toad, which indicates that P. jessoensis ejected a chemical spray after being swallowed.
And in many cases the meal proved to tough to keep down:
The swallowed P. jessoensis induced 34.8% and 57.1% of the B. japonicus (N = 23) and B. torrenticola(N = 14) to vomit 12–94 and 15–107 min after being swallowed, respectively
Many of beetles walked away unscathed and lived to see another day. Out of the 16 survivors, 15 lived for 17 days or more. One lucky fella was still alive 562 days after being vomited! Here's a video from the experiment showing one of those lucky warriors:
According to the paper, this is the first time beetles have been recorded to spray and escape the insides of a predator and I was left with the impression that the researchers plan to do similar experiments in the future. I can't wait :D
Here's a link again to the study if you want to read all the details and results.
Cool. I knew the Bombardier beetle, but I did not expect him to survive in the gut of the frogs for so long. - What so we learn from this? Chew your Food! :-)
Hey @trumpman nice one,
I shared this on STEM group almost 12 hours ago, was thinking of writing it.....
you already did..lol
Oh, cool! Well, it's not like I own the copyrights or something :P If it's something you'd like to blog about don't let my post stop you from that !
I once read a theory that this is how dragons - a creature so many cultures have myths of - could've actually existed. The theory further speculated that some of the dinosaurs which had the hollow horn on the back of their head could have had separate reservoirs of chemicals in those horns just as the bombardier beetle has and could then blow them through their nostrils to combine in volatility as ejected. No idea if there's more evidence than theory and the bombardier beetle, but it was a very interesting thought.
Hmm ... The critter seems really dangerous for some people. Fortunately it's not the same for humans lol ...
Nah, not really. The toads only got some temporal digestion problems so I doubt these beetles can do any real damage to humans :)
Hi @trumpman. Yes, it's a fact but imagine, in the brain sick of a human, the idea that could germinate to take enough ... Good, I stop there my dramatic predictions lol ... Before they do a mass breeding there is work ^^
Excuse for another fart article. Way to go man . :)
Thanks. My knowledge on farts grows stronger every day !
And stinkier , I might add... :)
Interesting article, thanks for sharing
Thanks, I am awesome
And modest too!
That's true too ^_^
WOW, the video was awesome!
can't wait either
cheers @trumpman
Very cool post, and nice that you included the videos - made all the difference!
When attacked, they eject a toxic spray from the tip of their abdomen! A spray that isn't only toxic, but also very hot, often reaching temperatures of up to 100 C,
This so amazing indeed!