Introduction
Electrical technology deals with the study of some branches of engineering science in relation to electrical power supply usage and the power generation equipment in use.
It is important to understand the basis of applied electricity for every engineer and those planning to become one. This material reveals the basic understanding of a static device in Electrical Transformation System
A Transformer is one of the most important components of the modern power system.
What is A Transformer?
From the word transformer, it can be deduced that the word a verb To Transform.
Following this term, A Transformer can be defined electrically as a device that changes electrical power basically alternating current supply at one voltage level into another voltage level through the action of the magnetic field but this result to a proportional increase or decrease in the current ratings with no change in initial frequency.
In an electrical system, a transformer is a static device. A static device is a device that does not have any moving parts. This type of device has a stationary coils wounded to an iron core.
Description of A Transformer.
The transformer is a device made up of two or more conductors that are wound around a single magnetic core and it's usually Iron.
The wound conductor is called Windings. These windings are of two types and the entry of the winding is connected to either the source or the load. The two types are Primary and Secondary Windings.
Primary Winding: This winding is connected electrically to the power source and thereby called Input/Entry corner of a transformer.
Secondary Winding: This winding is connected electrically to the energy output or we call it load side.
Take Note: Ni electrical connection between the primary and secondary windings.
In some cases, there is a third winding called Tertiary Winding which function as a power provider to an auxiliary circuit or a reactor. This windings and the core are usually mounted in a steel tank that is filled with mineral oil which serves as insulating liquid and coolant. On the same winding, the insulated bushings are mounted at the top of the tank which will then connect the winding to other power system equipment.
Working Principle of A Typical Transformer
If you have been following, the main principle of operation of a transformer is mutual inductance between two circuits that/which is linked by a common magnetic flux. From the above description of a transformer, it is a review that this device consists of two coils that are electrically separate and inductive but on the other hand magnetically linked through a path of reluctance.
It is the alternating current(I1) that passes through a coil(N1) that causes an alternating magnetic flux in the magnetic core and this magnetic flux circulates in the magnetic core will thereafter pass through another coil(N2) which is the secondary winding then induce (give rise) and alternating voltage in this coil. The amount of an induces voltage is a dependant of 4 factors which are: Primary Voltage, Core Composition/Shape, the number of turns in the primary winding and the number of turns in the secondary winding.
This material is not going into deep learning on calculating power determinant in the transformer and the output current calculation. For further detail on this check Electrical Handbook by McGraw, Hill 2001
Wikipedia:Author: SpinningSpark: Transformer Winding
The transformer can either be used as to step-up or step-down the power supply but in the general view of electrical transformation transformers have one of two types of cores which are: Core-type and Shell-type Transformer
Core-type Transformer: This is a type of transformer that their coils are form-wound and are of cylindrical in shape.
It is applicable in both small and large sized transformers the only difference is that is small size type of transformer the shape of the core is usually rectangular while the coils are still cylindrical.
Shell-type Transformer: This is a type of transformers that their coils are form-wound but are multilayer disc type which is wound in form of pancakes.
In this type, the paper is used as an insulator to separate the different layers of the multilayer discs.
The insulation spaces in between discs stacked form the cooling and insulating ducts. In the area of shape for a shell-type transformer, it can either be a simple rectangular shape or a distributed form.
Note: The core surrounds a considerable portion of the winding in a shell-type transformer.
Difference between step-up and step-down Transformer.
If Ns = Number of turns in secondary coil and Np = Number of turns in the primary coil, then the below table shows the difference between step-down and step-up transformer.
PicsArt: Transformer Step-up & Step-down edited by @samest
|  |
| Step-up Transformer | Step-down Transformer |
|---|---|
| Ns is greater than that of primary coil | Ns is less than that in primary coil |
| Primary coil is made of a thick insulated copper wire while secondary coil is made of thin insulated wire | Primary coil is made of a thin wire and the secondary coil of thick wire |
| It converts low voltage at high current into a high voltage at low current | It converts a high voltage at low current into a low voltage at high current |
Transformer Application
Transformers are used for the production of X-rays and the step-up transformer is applicable
Transformers are used in voltage regulators and stabilized power supplies
Transformers are used for obtaining large current for electric welding and the step-down transformer is applicable.
Transformers are used in induction furnace for metal melting.
There are energy losses during the transformation of the electrical power supply. There are four types which are:
Iron Losses
Copper Losses
Flux Losses
Hysteresis Losses
For a proper study on the four types of energy, losses check Electrical Power Engineering by James H Harlow
Another important factor in transformer discussion is Efficiency of A Transformer
The Efficiency of A Transformer is the check on the performance of the transformer in relation to power input as against the power output after transformation. The higher the efficiency, the better the system.
The mathematical expression for transformer efficiency is:
Efficiency = (Output Power)/(Input Power) x 100%
Efficiency = [(Po)/(Po + Pi)] x 100%
Where Po = Power Output, Pi = Powee Loss
Pixabay: Author:
Gerd Altmann; learn-thumb-high-like-school
In conclusion, there is much important information on the transformation of the electrical power supply. The transformer is a static device and it's the device that changes the electrical power from transmission at some voltage level to another voltage level with the action of the magnetic field. On this account, the voltage proportional increases or decreases in the current ratings but the frequency of transmitting remain the same.
Thank you for reading
Reference
Optimizing the AC Resistance of Multilayer
Transformer Windings with Arbitrary Current
WaveformsTransfer Function Method To Diagnose Axial Displacement And Radial Deformation
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Awesome post @samest I finally know what a transformer does. Step up and step down increase and decrease, sort of what the market needs a transform so we can step up the current prices of our bags. God bless @johnskotts
Thanks buddy
❤️
As per @johnskotts you were @resteemerdeluxe. Thank you and good luck.
Cool stuff Samest , I used to work for GE in DGA, dissolved gas analysis. We to connect devices to monitor to the transformers oil to make sure the health of the system and oil is running optimal.
Great one try and follow my blog
You got a 1.98% upvote from @postpromoter courtesy of @samest!
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reminds me of my introtech those days. Well done.
Lolzz.. That's cool....meaning you are not an engineer but you can still become one via my blog just follow by blog and ask questions.
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My boss has gone far, I never new what transformer is not until now. Thanks
Lol... You can do better on your own blog too just try and pay attention to detail.
Thank for your comment
**yes boss. Noted
Thanks for this detailed info on transformers... I'm definitely not going to be hugging one soon 😄
Lol @fejiro my hand is not in this and I know Dr George (@nairadaddy) and the entire #air-clinic has no antidote to rescue you lol.
Thanks for your comment
This is a good post but some of your pictures are not properly attributed according to steemstem guidelines. You might want to fix that and refer back to me. Well done
Ok boss, I think I don't get that your submission but I'll dm you right away
good job. Electrical engineering basics can be very interesting. But when we have to explain electric motors, synchronous generators, and the rest, then it becomes jaw breaking.
the simplicity was ok though.
Thanks, brother, you are very correct. Sometimes the electrical system is better understood when practical is duly followed.
Awesome lesson. Keep it up!
Thanks buddy
@samest, With this i don't think i would need to go to school to learn engineering. haha
Great information pass out here. I need to follow this blog up for more information.
Lol, we learn from one another on steemit.. Keep steeming
Good to see u posting Electrical Engineering stuffs..!
u tried to explain the fundamentals of transformer which is informative.
I suggest u to be little more careful about formatting ur article.
Some headings are broke, also some numbering needs to be fixed. U may also use Latex to make ur equations more reader friendly.
Best regards..!
Thank you for your submission. I will appreciate if you can be specific on the broken heading you sighted and also the numbering. Thank you for helping out on equation formation.
Also we do learn from one another.
Thanks once again.
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