Symbolism of time
solar calendar
The need to foresee the onset of the seasons - winter, spring, summer and autumn - led to the emergence of a larger unit of time than the lunar month - a year with a duration of first 360, and then 365 days. This great DISCOVERY of the Egyptians led to the creation in the 4th millennium BC. e. one of the first solar calendars, which became the prototype of many solar calendars. The year in the ancient Egyptian solar calendar consisted of 365 days, that is, it was shorter than the actual one by 0.2422 days. The beginning of the year in such a calendar was considered the day of the first predawn (heliacal) sunrise of the star Sirius in a given year, with which the onset of the summer solstice was associated at that time, and long-term observations of the rising of this star made it possible to establish that it then fell a few days earlier. the beginning of the flood of the Nile.