Coconut (Cocos nucifera) is the sole member of the Cocos of the arenan arenan or Arecaceae. This plant is used almost all its parts by humans so it is considered as a versatile plant, especially for coastal communities. Coconut is also the name for the fruit produced by this plant.
This plant is thought to originate from the coast of the Indian Ocean on the Asian side, but has now spread throughout the tropical beaches of the world.
Trees with single stems or sometimes branching. The roots of the fibers, thick and woody, clustered to form a cob, adaptive to the sandy beaches. The stems are segmented but when they are old they are not very visible, typical of monocoted type with vessels spread (not concentric), woody. The wood is not good for building. Leaf is a single leaf with pinnate pertulangan, the leaves are very deep so it looks like a compound leaf. Flowers arranged compound in a series protected by bractea; there are male and female flowers, single home, female flowers are located at the base of the essay, while the male flowers in parts far from the base. Large fruit, diameter 10 cm to 20 cm or more, yellow, green, or brown; fruits made up of mesocarp in the form of a fiber that is lignin, called a coir, protects the hard endokarp part (called the shell) and is watertight; endocarps protect seeds that are only protected by the membrane attached to the inner side of the endocarp. The endospermium is a liquid containing many enzymes, and the solid phase deposits on the endocarp wall as the fruit grows; small and new embryos enlarge when the fruit is ready to germinate (called kentos).
Coconut naturally grows on the beach and the tree reaches a height of 30 m. It comes from the coast of the Indian Ocean, but has now spread throughout the tropics. This plant can grow to a height of 1,000 m above sea level, but along with increasing altitude, it will experience a growth slowdown.
Coconut is a multipurpose tree for tropical society. Almost all its parts can be utilized people. The roots of the coconut inspire the invention of the building technological buffer Chicken Claw (used for example at Soekarno Hatta Airport) by Sedijatmo.
The wood from the trunk, called glugu wood, is used as a medium quality wood, and can be used as a board for the house.
The leaves are used as the roof of the house after being dried. Young coconut leaves, called janur, are used as woven material in making ketupat or various forms of ornaments that are very interesting, especially by the people of Java and Bali in various ceremonies, and become a form of stand-alone crafts (art assemble janur). The dried leaves of a leaflet, called a stick, are gathered together into a broom.
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Coconut fruit is the most valuable part of the economy. Coir, mesokarp parts of coarse fibers, traded as fuel, seat fillers, woven ropes, doormats, and growing media for orchids. Shells or shells, which are actually endocarp parts, are used as fuel, substitutes for buckets, beverage containers, and handicraft raw materials.
The coconut endosperm in the form of liquid and its sediments attached to the inner wall ("coconut meat") is a popular refreshing source. Young fruit flesh is white and soft and usually served as young coconut ice or ice degan. This liquid contains a variety of enzymes and has the effect of neutralizing toxins and the effects of freshening / tranquilizers. Some coconuts mutate so that the sediment is not attached to the wall but mixed with liquid endosperm. This mutation is called (coconut) kopyor. The old coconut fruit flesh is white and hardened. The juice is squeezed and the liquid is called coconut milk. The old fruit flesh can also be picked up and dried and become an economically valuable commodity trade called copra. Copra is the raw material for making coconut oil and its derivatives. The old fruit juice is not usually a refreshment drink and is a waste of copra industry. However, this liquid can be used again to be made into a kind of jelly called nata de coco and is a mixture of refreshments. Coconut meat can also be used as an aroma enhancer in meat dishes and can be used as a hair remedy that is falling out and easily broken.