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when CO2 levels increase it causes earth's temperature to increase, that is a proven scientific fact.

nope..CO2 is an effect. It's not the cause.
It's simple..when the temp goes up..CO2 goes up.
(lag time about a thousand years..hard to see on your graph?)

Cold water absorbs a lot more CO2 than warm water does.
when undersea volcanoes (4 million of them current estimate) heats up the ocean it releases CO2...it takes a while for the ocean to heat (or cool), hence the lag time.