Senior high school is the level of secondary education in formal education in Indonesia after graduating from Junior High School (or equivalent). High school is taken within 3 years, starting from grade 10 to grade 12.
At the time of admission to high school using the online system, students can choose the desired school and choose the majors of interest. At the end of the third year (ie grade 12), students are required to attend the National Exam (formerly Ebtanas) which affects students' graduation. High school graduates can continue their education to college or directly work.
High school students are generally 16-18 years old. Senior high school (or equivalent) 6 years and junior high (or equivalent) 3 years - masambut since 2005 has begun to enact the 12-year compulsory education program that includes high school in some areas, for example in Yogyakarta and Bantul Regency. [1]
High schools are run by both government and private sector. Since the enactment of regional autonomy in 2001, the management of public senior high schools in Indonesia previously under the Ministry of National Education is now the responsibility of the district / city government. While the Ministry of National Education only acts as a regulator in the field of national education standards. Structurally, the state high school is a technical implementation unit of the districtor city education office.
History
In the Dutch East Indies period, Dutch, European or indigenous elites who had completed elementary education in ELS or HIS could only continue their general secondary education at Hoogere Burgerschool (in Hogereburgerschool's new spelling later HBS) with a five-year study period. After graduating HBS, they can continue their education to university in the Netherlands. In other words HBS at that time was similar to the junior and senior high school merge now in one package. The secondary school is only for Dutch, European or indigenous elites. Until 1916 there were only four government-owned HBs in Jakarta (1867), Surabaya (1875), Semarang (1 November 1877), and Bandung (1916).
As a consequence of the proclamation of the Ethical Policy in which one of them concerns the field of education, for the indigenous people the opportunity to follow further education, where previously the opportunity can only be obtained by the indigenous elite, with the opening of Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs - MULO namely expanded basic education and school medium common on it is Algemeene Middelbare School (AMS). In 1919, the first AMS was opened by the Dutch East Indies government in Yogyakarta [2]: 24 Until then there were two types of public high schools, namely HBS and AMS (for MULO graduates), in addition to HBS high schools such as Gymnasium and Lyceum.
The system survived until 1942 when the Japanese occupation began, where then the high school level is called High School (SMT).
In 1945 as the Proclamation of Independence of the Republic of Indonesia from SMT transformed into Oemoem Upper Secondary School (SMOA) on March 13, 1946 in Jakarta which transfomasi from SMT become SMOA occupies Gedungan PSKD at Jalan Diponegoro in Salemba.
In 1950 as the period of the United States of Indonesia from SMOA then changed its name to Senior High School (SMA) which is categorized into three parts namely:
SMA A (Language)
SMA B (Science and Nature Science)
SMA C (Social Sciences)
In the 1960s the system was changed, all high schools opened several courses at once either A (Bahasa), B (Science and Nature Science), and C (Social Sciences).
In the 1980s the system of majors in SMA was changed again, becoming A1 (Physics), A2 (Biology), A3 (Social).
In the academic year 1994/1995 to 2003/2004 from high school turned into High School (SMU).
In the school year 2004/2005 from high school again turned into High School (SMA).
Culture
- Public high schools in Indonesia generally use gray-white uniforms for ordinary days, brown uniforms for boy scouts / days, and in certain schools using white-and-white uniforms for flag ceremonies.
- Flag ceremonies are held every Monday morning before the lesson starts.
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