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If a bit error occurs, the parity checks provide information that helps the receiver identify exactly where the error lies. For example, if an error is detected in specific columns and rows, the receiver can pinpoint the exact position of the faulty bit.
Extending Hamming Codes
Hamming's original formulation also led to extended codes, where an additional parity bit determines whether two errors have occurred. The introduction of this extra layer allows the receiver to detect multiple errors, though it may not be able to correct them.