Part 9/19:
However, Roman conquest eventually subdued Judea brutally. Jews faced multiple revolts, notably the Jewish-Roman Wars, culminating in the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD. The aftermath saw a massive expulsion and diaspora, with Jews dispersed across the Roman Empire, establishing communities from Egypt to Spain.
The transformation of Judaism: With the temple destroyed, Judaism shifted from a temple-based religion to a rabbi-led faith grounded in scripture and law, fostering a resilient religious identity despite dispersion.