Part 10/19:
During the rise of Islam in the 7th century, the Jewish community experienced a complex relationship with their Muslim rulers. Early on, Muslims often tolerated and even appreciated Jewish merchants and scholars, especially during the Islamic Golden Age, which was the zenith of scientific, philosophical, and commercial achievement.
The Khazars, a Turkic tribe, famously converted to Judaism in medieval times, though their genetic link to modern Jews remains minimal due to subsequent invasions and population shifts.