Part 3/12:
Sun's efforts were initially hampered by a failing dynasty, suffering from what was called the "Century of Humiliation"—a period marked by foreign powers carving up Chinese territory and resources, including Britain, Russia, Japan, France, and Germany. Despite several failed uprisings, Sun succeeded in establishing the Republic of China in 1912 after ceding power from the last Qing emperor to Yuan Shikai, a formidable military general and politician.