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Russia's nuclear doctrine explicitly states that the country may resort to nuclear weapons if it perceives an existential threat—whether from conventional or nuclear attacks. It also emphasizes the potential use of nuclear arms if a nuclear-armed partner becomes engaged in conflict with Russia.
Vladimir Putin’s recent declarations appear to be a direct signal of concern over Western military support for Ukraine. By reminding the world of Russia’s nuclear stance, Moscow aims to deter further Western escalation and possibly influence negotiations by highlighting the grave consequences of escalating conflicts.