on information operations and attempts to message the public, particularly through social media. So you'll recall some of the ISIS social media campaigns. Really like barbaric memes that they were propagating in 2014 and Russia spreading these stories about whichever, you know, one of the Baltic countries that they did in a number of places in Ukraine or in the Baltic countries, spreading stories that were intended to cause the local populations there to lose faith in their own governments, to overestimate the strength of the Russian military forces, overestimate the strength of the Russian government, etc. So this is the hybrid war theory and it sort of is adjacent to what's called fourth generation war theory and also what is referred to as the Garamantsov doctrine inside of Russia, which is this new doctrine of informational warfare and in which influence operations are primary and, you know, the internet and winning the internet and winning narrative wars on the internet becomes as (38/44)
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