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Our home-the universe we were born in!
[Figure-1 | Earth rise on Moon | Author: NASA, Johnson Space Center, USA | Copyright: Public Domain]
It seems that we are the lost children of the cosmos, who have been engulfed by a world of their own! Do we remember the last time we sat in the moonlight looking at the night sky, have we forgotten our hobby of counting the stars? There used to be times when the world down on the Earth used to be uninteresting, and people used to look up into the sky staring at the stars in amusement before they dosed off! ...before things changed...
So, let's reconnect ourselves to our origins and stop fretting about the problems and the confines we live in. We are the children of the cosmos, and the universe is our playground! Come, let's re-claim the lawns!!
Let's Open Our Minds !
First of all let's see where we stand in our own Solar System:
[Figure-2 | Source: NASA | Copyright: CC-by-SA-3.0]
The figure above is definitely not to scale and is a bit understated to accommodate the entire Solar system. The scale given at the bottom of the diagram is important.
Astronomical Unit (AU)
1 Astronomical Unit (AU) is the average distance of the Sun from the Earth (the exact distance keeps changing depending upon the time of the year) and is equal to about 1.496 x 1011meters.
This number can also be written as 1.496E11 meters in the scientific notation, so no need to get scared if you see that odd alphanumeric with the part after E denoting the power(exponent) of 10.
Comparison
For a comparison, you can take the following facts:
- Diameter of Earth = 1.274 x 107m = 1.274E7 m
- Diameter of Sun = 1.393 x 109m = 1.393E9 m
So, is our Solar System big?...or is our Sun a huge object?!...absolutely wrong!
[Figure-3 | Courtesy:NASA/JPL-Caltech | Copyright: Public Domain]
As you can see in Figure-3, a "Hypergiant" star (these are not science-fiction by the way!) can have a radius of upto or even greater than 1AU (the mean distance between Sun and Earth). So, if our Sun had been a Hypergiant, then our Earth would have been nearly grazing its surface and boiling away if not worse!
Of the planets depicted in the figures above, the four next to the Sun are called Terrestrial planets as they are rocky. The outer planets are often called Gas Giants as they are big in size and are mostly made up of gas with some rock at the core. Pluto which once used to be our ninth planet is considered to be a Dwarf planet as it doesn't satisfy the conditions to be called a planet. More over, Pluto is not the only dwarf planet in our solar system, there are many others.
So, the eight planets as we know are not the only objects orbiting the star we think belongs to us! Actually there are a huge number of them as you can see in the animation below.
The animation depicts a mapping of the positions of known near-Earth objects (NEOs) at points in time over the past 20 years, and finishes with a map of all known asteroids as of January 2018. Asteroid search teams supported by NASA's NEO Observations Program have found over 95 percent of near-Earth asteroids currently known. There are now over 18,000 known NEOs and the discovery rate averages about 40 per week.
[Figure-4 | Source: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech | Copyrights: Labelled for Reuse]
So, After All, Are We Special?
We, often tend to think greatly of ourselves. People have been believing since ancient times that we occupy a very special place in the sky, that the Sun is special and so on and so forth! So, here, let's face the reality:
Is Sun Special?
A standard diagram in astronomy depicting different types and classes of stars is the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram (H-R diagram)
An H-R diagram showing many well known stars in the Milky Way galaxy.
[Figure-5 | Source: Wikimedia Commons]
In simple terms, an H-R diagram or HRD plots each star on a graph plotting the star's brightness against its temperature (color).
Correlation between Temperature and Color in Layman's language
The color of light emitted by any object which gives off light as a consequence of its temperature is related to its temperature. The brighter the object, the higher will be the energy of surface particles of the object, the higher will be the frequency of light emitted by the object. Higher frequency means the part of visible spectrum towards blue. So, there are some stars which are extremely hot and burn blue!
So, in the HR diagram, the stars to the left are highly luminous meaning very bright, and they generally tend to be blue in color and have high surface-temperatures. Thus, these stars end up at the top-left corner. As, the temperature decreases, the color becomes more reddish and luminosity decreases, and such stars end up towards the bottom-right corner of the HR diagram.
This general sequence of stars forms the diagonal running from the top-left to the bottom-right of the diagram, and the stars lying on this diagonal are called the Main Sequence stars. Our Sun is one of the Main Sequence stars lying somewhere in the center of the HR diagram. The stars like our Sun lying in this sequence are the very normal stars which seem to be following the basic common-sense correlation between temperature and luminosity.
There are some stars though, which lie at the other two corners of this diagram which are special and peculiar. These are the Supergiants and the Dwarfs!
Do We Occupy a Special Place in our Galaxy?
Well, that you can see for yourself!
[Figure-6 | Map of the Milky Way galaxy | Source: Wikimedia Commons | Author: NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech | Copyrights: Public Domain]
As you can very clearly see in the diagram above, our Sun is perched nearly at the tip of one of its spiral arms at the periphery of the galaxy!
Important Facts
The size of our galaxy is several thousand light years (ly). One light year is the distance traveled by light in one year. So, 1ly = 9.45 x 1015 m = 9.45E15 m
So, as seen so far, we are in no way in the category of special in the usual sense, though that may partly be the reason why we are safe and secure. But, that safety is virtual. We may not even get to know before an object not yet known to scientists suddenly crashes into us, destroying us completely, or a star near us goes supernova due to some unexplained reasons. Anyways, it is important to know that even if we survive the climate change, and global warming on this Earth (which we all most certainly wouldn't!), after about 5 billion years, the Sun will explode and expand to the orbit of the Earth and may engulf the Earth...and after that, the Milky Way is basically a disc of gas and dust swirling into a black-hole at the center of our galaxy so, ....!
[Figure-7 | Illustration of the two gigantic X-ray/gamma-ray bubbles (blue-violet) of the Milky Way (center) | Source: Wikimedia Commons | Author: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center | Copyright: Public Domain ]
These gama ray and x-ray emissions are released when a black-hole devours matter!
So, eventually if the human-race is to survive, we'll have to move out and away from our planet establishing bases elsewhere, colonizing other planets and exploring places beyond our present-day boundaries! So, why not start preparing from now itself!!
[Figure-7 | Source: Wikimedia Commons | Author: NASA | Copyright: Public Domain]
Here is a vision for habitats published by NASA from CASE FOR MARS from the 1980s, featuring the re-use of landing vehicles, in-situ soil use for enhanced radiation shielding, and green houses. A bay for a mars rover is also visible.
References
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonization_of_Mars
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_habitat
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way
About the Author
The author is:
- Currently an Artist at SteemSTEM
- A Greeter at SteemTerminal
This was a very impressive post! I didn't necessarily understand the math and some other aspects, which made me feel quite ignorant, but you did a great job pulling the readers in with your opening - which is a difficult thing to do. I feel silly now posting a simple food recipe
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Thanks a lot for your appreciation @lionsmane! I'll make sure that I simplify the math part if possible in my new posts...
Very interesting information, @medro-martin!
Have you seen this?
That makes sense... I had never taken that into consideration. 😶
Thanks a lot @trincowski.
Have you seen this?Yes, I did read about it, but not in so detail. But, I guess that is a very old idea that had never been tested by NASA, and in general the US government for some political reasons. There is also a movie on this thing. It is called "Deep Impact" if I remember correctly.
That makes sense... I had never taken that into consideration.I also think that there is no dearth of resources in this universe. On the Earth, we have to be very carefull with how we use our natural resources like oil, gas etc. But, once we move out that problem which constitutes a huge chunk of our concerns simply vanishes!
The only thing is that we be able to take the challenges and adapt ourselves according to the needs rapidly.
Thanks once again.
Best,
M.Medro
I think it's a question of luck... and one day, our luck will ran out, so it's best to be prepared to take down an incoming asteroid, if and when that day arrives!
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Thanks.
Great article bro, global warming is a very big issue in our society, all we should be concerned with for now is sustainability, however i also heard that when the Ozone layer is deplicted it regenerate back, if not we all would have being roasted by the sun. That is why sustainability is key because to much of everything is bad. I guese that last image is planet MARS?
Thanks Great Guchi!
Yes, the last one is an artists's depiction of a human colony on Mars.
Nice it so beautiful, how i knew was that MARS has reddish ground surface, so i suspected it was MARS and based on the fact you were talking about astronomy.
Is the sun special ? Are we special ? Yes and yes. The world is special, only we must take care of it more closely and more sufficient. And I do watch the stars and count my blessings and one off them is you.
Have a cosmic day
B
Woah!! Thank you so much!
Have a nice day.
M.Medro
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Understated would be more correct!
Thanks a lot @alexander.alexis
Changes made.
I think we're are not special. Living on a breathing, living spaceship. Hurling through time and space.
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