The first czecho-slovak Republic
From the chaos of the First World War, several nations arose that gained independence. Among them was the Czecho-slovak Republic. Slovaks, Moravians and Czechs finally had what they dreamed of - their own state.
The Czech-Slovak Republic was established by the declaration of the five-member National Committee on October 28, 1918 after the disintegration of Austria-Hungary. Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk became the first president. At the same time, the Habsburg family was ceremoniously planted.
The Paris Peace Conference of January 1919 closed most territorial disputes. The conference approved the declaration of the republic, which spreads over the territory of the historical lands of the Czech crown, which includes Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia, and parts of Upper Hungary, which included Slovakia and Subcarpathian Russia. Several areas, such as Lusatia or Miskolc, which the Czech-Slovak delegation claimed, remained German, or fell to Hungary.
The biggest problem was the division of borders between Slovakia and Hungary, as historically there were no borders. These were set by the conference on the basis of 7 Beneš memoranda. Despite the confirmation of the borders in Trianon, the Czech-Slovak and Romanian armies had to intervene in the area.
The beginnings were not easy, but despite the difficulties, it was a great success. The first Czech-Slovak Republic ceased to exist on October 1, 1938 after the occupation of the Sudetenland by Germany.
Prvá česko-slovenská republika
Z chaosu prvej svetovej vojny povstalo niekoľko národov, ktoré získali nezávislosť. Medzi nimi bola aj Česko-slovenská republika. Slováci, Moravania, Česi a Sliezsko mali konečne to, po čom snívali - vlastný štát.
Česko-slovenská republika vznikla vyhlásením päť členného Národného výboru 28.10.1918 po rozpade Rakúsko-Uhorska. Prvým prezidentom sa stal Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. Zároveň bol slávnostne zosadený rod Habsburgovcov.
Mierová konferencia v Paríži z januára 1919 uzavrela väčšinu územných sporov. Konferencia schválila vyhlásenie republiky, rozprestierajúcej sa na území historických krajín českej koruny, kde patria Čechy, Morava a Sliezsko a časti Horného Uhorska, kde patrilo Slovensko a Podkarpatská Rus. Viacero oblastí, ako napríklad Lužice, alebo Miškolc, ktoré si česko-slovenská delegácia nárokovala ostali Nemecké, respektíve pripadli Maďarsku.
Najväčsím problémom bolo rozdelenie hraníc medzi Slovenskom a Maďarskom, keďže z historického hľadiska tu žiadne hranice neexistovali. Tie vytýčila konferencia na základe 7 Benešových memoránd. Napriek potvrdeniu hraníc v Trianone, musela na úzémí zasiahnuť česko-slovenská a rumunská armáda.
Začiatky neboli ľahké, no napriek ťažkostiam to bol veľký úspech. Prvá česko-slovenská republika zanikla 1.10.1938 po zabratí Sudet Nemeckom.
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