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The Knights Templar, officially the Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon, were a medieval Catholic military order founded around 1119 AD. They were active during the Crusades, initially formed to protect Christian pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land. Recognizable by their white mantles with a red cross, they became skilled warriors, bankers, and builders, amassing significant wealth and influence.

Key points:
Origins: Founded by Hugues de Payens in Jerusalem, endorsed by the Catholic Church in 1129.

Role: Protected pilgrims, fought in Crusades, and developed an early banking system for safely transferring funds.

Wealth and Power: Owned vast estates, built fortifications like the Temple Mount, and lent money to kings, making them a powerful institution.

Downfall: In 1307, King Philip IV of France, heavily indebted to them, accused them of heresy. The order was suppressed by Pope Clement V in 1312, and many Templars were arrested, tortured, or executed.

Legacy: Their secrecy and wealth fueled myths, linking them to legends like the Holy Grail or Freemasonry, though much is speculative.

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